Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
2020 Agriculture Paper 2
SECTION A (30 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. State two functions of walking areas in a zero grazing unit.(1 mark)
2. Give four characteristics of succulent roughages.(2 marks)
3. State four symptoms of contagious abortion.(2 marks)
4. State four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing.(2 marks)
5. State four maintenance practices that should be carried out on a hoof cutter.(2 marks)
6. State four limitations of a tractor as a source of power on the farm.(2 marks)
7. Name four beef cattle breeds.(2 marks)
8. State the origin of each of the following dairy cattle breeds:
(a) Friesian
(b) Ayrshire
9. State four control measures for foot rot.(2 marks)
10. State four signs of heat in pigs.(2 marks)
11. State two categories of livestock parasites.(1 mark)1
12. Name two types of calf pens used in cattle production.(1 marks)
13. State four ways in which identification in livestock production is important.(2 marks)
14. State four preventive measures for livestock diseases.(2 marks)
15. State four reasons for castration in livestock production.(2 marks)
16. Name four causes of livestock diseases.(2 marks)
17. State four methods of fish preservation.(2 marks)
SECTION B (20 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
18. Below is an illustration of the digestive system of livestock.
(a) Name one livestock with the digestive system illustrated above.(1 mark)
(b) Name the part labelled:
E(1 mark)
F(1 mark)
(c) State two functions of the part labelled part G.(2 marks)
19. Below is an illustration of a bird infected with a poultry disease.
(a) (i) Identify the disease.(1 mark)
(ii) Name another body part also affected by the lesions or wounds.(1 mark)
(b) State two predisposing factors of the disease.(2 marks)
(c) State one control measure of the disease.(1 mark)
20. Below is an illustration of a practice carried out in poultry.
(a)(i) Identify the practice.(1 mark)
(ii) Give one reason why the use of a hot iron is recommended for the practice illustrated.(1 mark)
(b) Name two poultry vices controlled by the practice illustrated.(2 marks)
(c) State one feeding practice that helps to control these poultry vices.(1 mark)
21. Below is a diagram of a tool used in livestock rearing.
(a) Identify the tool.(1 mark)
(b) State two uses of the tool.(2 marks)
(c) Give two reasons why farmers prefer using the tool.(2 marks)
SECTION C (40 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.
22. (a) Describe seven requirements of an ideal calf pen.(7 marks)
(b) State the disadvantages of natural mating in livestock breeding.(8 marks)
(c) Explain five predisposing factors of mastitis disease in dairy farming.(5 marks)
23. (a) Explain nine qualities of an ideal brooder for day old chicks.(9 marks)
(b) Describe the working mechanism of a four-stroke cycle engine.(11 marks)
24. (a) Explain five control measures for tapeworms.(5 marks)
(b) Give the functions of ten equipment used in clean milk production.(10 marks)
(c) Describe the life cycle of one-host tick.(5 marks)
Questions and Answers
2020 Agriculture Paper 2
1. State two functions of walking areas in a zero grazing unit.(1 mark)ExerciseDungingSunning
2. Give four characteristics of succulent roughages.(2 marks)High fibre contentHigh moisture contentLow protein contentHigh carbohydrate content
3. State four symptoms of contagious abortion.(2 marks)pontaneous abortion/premature birth.Retained afterbirths/placenta after abortion.Orchitis in bulls/low libido/barrenness in cows.Yellow brown slimy/odourless discharge from vulva after abortion.
4. State four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing.(2 marks)CleanlinessSize of eggCandling qualities e.g. freshnessEgg colourShell texture
5. State four maintenance practices that should be carried out on a hoof cutter.(2 marks)Repair broken partsOil the metal parts on long storageSharpen jaws when bluntClean after useGrease moving parts to reduce frictionTightening the nutProper storage
6. State four limitations of a tractor as a source of power on the farm.(2 marks)Expensive to buyExpensive to maintainRequires skilled personnelTheir use is limited in certain areasIt requires supper services
7. Name four beef cattle breeds.(2 marks)HerefordGallowayAberdeen angusBeef shorthornsCharolais
8. State the origin of each of the following dairy cattle breeds:
(a) Friesian
Holland / Holstein
(b) Ayrshire
Scotland
9. State four control measures for foot rot.(2 marks)Clean environment / avoid dampness / muddy conditionsRegular hoof trimmingRegular walk through foot bath / copper II sulphate solutionTreat wounds with antisepticsIsolate sick animals
10. State four signs of heat in pigs.(2 marks)RestlessnessFrequent urinationSwelling & reddening of the vulvaClear & slimy mucus discharge from the vulvaFrequently mounting othersPositive response to riding test
11. State two categories of livestock parasites.(1 mark)1
Internal parasites / end-parasites
External parasites / echo-parasite
12. Name two types of calf pens used in cattle production.(1 marks)Raised permanent pensPermanent calf pen with concrete floorsMobile calf pens
13. State four ways in which identification in livestock production is important.(2 marks)Selection / breddingDisease control / treatmentFeedingRecord keepingCullingFor tracing purposes
14. State four preventive measures for livestock diseases.(2 marks)Isolation of sick animalsimposition of quarantineUse of prophylactic measuresSlaughter and proper disposal of infected animalsUse of antiseptic / disinfectants
15. State four reasons for castration in livestock production.(2 marks)Control breedingControl breeding diseasesHasten growth rateIncrease quality of meat especially in goatsMake the animal docile
16. Name four causes of livestock diseases.(2 marks)BacteriaProtozoaVirusNutritional disordersPhysical injuriesFungi
17. State four methods of fish preservation.(2 marks)FreezingSaltingSun dryingSmoking
SECTION B (20 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
18. Below is an illustration of the digestive system of livestock.
(a) Name one livestock with the digestive system illustrated above.(1 mark)
Cattle / Sheep / goat
(b) Name the part labelled:
E(1 mark)Abomasum / True stomach
F(1 mark)Reticulum / Honey comb
(c) State two functions of the part labelled part G.(2 marks)
Part G is called the rumen.
It’s functions:
– Temporary storage of food before regurgitation
– Fermentation of food
– Microbial digestion:
– Synthesis of vitamin B complex
– Synthesis of Amino acids
– Breakdown of protein to peptides
– Breakdown of carbohydrates and cellulose to carbon(iv) oxide and volatile fatty acids.
– Absorption of ammonia gas & fatty acids
19. Below is an illustration of a bird infected with a poultry disease.
(a) (i) Identify the disease.(1 mark)
Fowl pox
(ii) Name another body part also affected by the lesions or wounds.(1 mark)
Legs / vent / wings
(b) State two predisposing factors of the disease.(2 marks)Presence of woundsPresence of biting insects e.g. mosquitos / mites
(c) State one control measure of the disease.(1 mark)VaccinationKilling and proper disposal of all infected birds.
20. Below is an illustration of a practice carried out in poultry.
(a)(i) Identify the practice.(1 mark)
Debeaking
(ii) Give one reason why the use of a hot iron is recommended for the practice illustrated.(1 mark)
It cauterises the wound | Prevents bleeding | Prevent infection | Sterilize the wound
(b) Name two poultry vices controlled by the practice illustrated.(2 marks)
– Cannibalism
– Egg eating
(c) State one feeding practice that helps to control these poultry vices.(1 mark)
– Provide adequate balanced diet
– Hang vegetables in the poultry house to keep the birds busy
21. Below is a diagram of a tool used in livestock rearing.
(a) Identify the tool.(1 mark)
Elastrator and rubber ring
(b) State two uses of the tool.(2 marks)
(i) docking
(ii) castration
(iii) dis-budding
(c) Give two reasons why farmers prefer using the tool.(2 marks)
(i) bloodless
(ii) less painful, less stressful, less skills required.
SECTION C (40 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.
22. (a) Describe seven requirements of an ideal calf pen.(7 marks)Cleanliness: pens should have concrete floors to facilitate cleaning.Dryness and warmth: dry litter should be placed on the floor to avoid dampness / wetness.Roof should not leak / avoid spilling water on the floor to discourage dampness and wetness of the litter.Adequate space: should be spacious for exercise, feeding and watering of calves.Proper lighting – should be well lit as light is necessary for synthesis of vitamin D.Proper drainage – should be constructed on a well-drained place to avoid dampness.Draught free – to prevent entry of cold winds and discourage infections like pneumonia.Proper ventilation – to allow free air circulations.Single housing – calves should be housed singly to prevent licking one another which can lead to formation of hair – balls in the rumen.
(b) State the disadvantages of natural mating in livestock breeding.(8 marks)High chances of inbreedingPossible to transmit sexual diseasesMales need extra costs of feeding and rearingLarge males can injure small femalesA lot of semen is wastedDifficult and expensive to transport a bull over long distances to serve a cowBulls are expensive to acquireMost bulls are aggressive hence difficult to handle
(c) Explain five predisposing factors of mastitis disease in dairy farming.(5 marks)Species of animal – certain diseases affect specific species e.g. swine fever only affects pigsBreed of the animal – certain diseases affect specific breeds of animals e.g. cancer of the says only affects Hereford breedsAge of the animal – certain diseases are associated with certain age groups of animals e.g. piglet anaemia only affects piglets.Sex of the animal – certain diseases are associated with certain animal genders. e.g. mastitis only affects female animals.Color of the animal – Animals which are black in colour suffer from heat stress / light pigmented skin suffer from photosensitisation when exposed to high light intensities.
23. (a) Explain nine qualities of an ideal brooder for day old chicks.(9 marks)Litter: should be in the form of wood shavings to maintain warmth and absorb moisture.Fresh air / ventilation: should have holes for ventilation on the walls to allow proper gaseous exchange.Heat source – a heat source be provided and controlled to maintain correct temperature within the brooder.Well-lit – to allow chicks to see feeds and water.Dim light is recommended as bright light blinds the chicks and enhances toe pecking.Have adequate waterers to allow for proper watering of chicks without overcrowding.Have adequate feeders to allow for proper feeding without overcrowding.Share of the brooder – should be round in shape to avoid chicks overcrowding at the corners.Fresh feed and water.Some feeds should be put on newspapers on the floor until chicks learn to feed from the feeders.
(b) Describe the working mechanism of a four-stroke cycle engine.(11 marks)Induction stroke; the piston moves down the cylinder; inlet valve opens; fresh air and petrol is drawn into the cylinder;Compression stroke; the inlet valve closes, outlet valve closes; the piston moves up the cylinder; this compresses air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber;Power stroke; a spark produced by the spark plug; this causes compressed fuel mixture to light and expand; resulting in pressure that forces piston down the cylinder;Exhaust stroke; piston moves up the cylinder; eliminating burnt fuel mixture through open exhaust valve;
24. (a) Explain five control measures for tapeworms.(5 marks)Use of anthelmintic drugs / prophylactic drugsKeep animal house clean and disinfectedRotational grazingKeep feeders and water cleanProper disposal of human excretaProper inspection of meatProper cooking of meatBurning of infected pastures
(b) Give the functions of ten equipment used in clean milk production.(10 marks)Udder cloths and towels for cleaning / drying the udderFiltering pads for straining milkMilking jelly for applying on teats to prevent crackingWarm water for washing the udderMilking pail / bucket for milkingMilking churn for holding milk in storage or transportationMilking stool to sit on during milkingWeighing scale for weighing milkCooler / fridge for cooling milkStrip cup for checking mastitisMilking machine for machine milkingRope / chain for retraining the cow
(c) Describe the life cycle of one-host tick.(5 marks)Eggs hatch into larvae which climb onto the host and feed on blood;Engorged larvae moult, nymphs emerge, feed on blood;Engorged nymphs moult. adults emerge;Adults feed on blood and mate;Engorged female falls to ground and lays eggs;